In this blog you are going to get info on performance of various central government of India ministries. You can give it a glance because anyways it is good for general knowledge and UPSC exams.
Apart from exams it is anyways useful for getting yourself good knowledge about Modi Government that how much work this govt has done in last 10 years. You will also get UPSC Prelim level Q & A PDF for free at the end of the blog so read it full.
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1. Ministry of Finance
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Fiscal consolidation, tax reforms, economic growth, financial inclusion |
| Introduction | Oversees taxation, budgets, monetary policy, and economic reforms |
| Achievements | – GST implementation (2017) – Insolvency & Bankruptcy Code (2016) – Direct Benefit Transfer (DBT) savings of ₹2.7L Cr+ – UPI digital payments (leading globally) |
| GDP Contribution | Tax-to-GDP ratio: ~11-12% (2024) |
| Jobs Created | ~12M+ (Formal jobs via GST, MSME schemes) |
2. Ministry of Road Transport & Highways
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Expand highway network, improve logistics, reduce travel time |
| Introduction | Develops national highways, expressways, and road infrastructure |
| Achievements | – Highway construction: 40 km/day (2023 vs 12 km/day in 2014) – Bharatmala Pariyojana (60,000+ km planned) – FASTag adoption (98% toll digitalization) |
| GDP Contribution | ~3-4% (Logistics & Infrastructure) |
| Jobs Created | ~10M+ (Construction, allied sectors) |
3. Ministry of Railways
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Modernize railways, enhance safety, introduce high-speed trains |
| Introduction | Manages Indian Railways (4th largest network globally) |
| Achievements | – 100% electrification of broad-gauge routes (2024) – Vande Bharat Express (75+ trains by 2024) – Dedicated Freight Corridors (Eastern & Western) |
| GDP Contribution | ~1.5% (Transportation sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~1.5M+ (Railway projects & operations) |
4. Ministry of Agriculture & Farmers’ Welfare
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Double farmers’ income, ensure food security |
| Introduction | Implements MSP, crop insurance, and agri-tech schemes |
| Achievements | – PM-KISAN (₹6,000/yr to 11Cr+ farmers) – Record foodgrain production (330M+ tonnes in 2023) – Organic farming push (Paramparagat Krishi Vikas Yojana) |
| GDP Contribution | ~18-20% (Agriculture sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~5M+ (Agri-tech, FPOs, warehousing) |
5. Ministry of Electronics & IT (MeitY)
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Digital India, tech self-reliance, startup growth |
| Introduction | Drives IT policies, digital governance, and electronics manufacturing |
| Achievements | – Aadhaar (1.3Bn+ enrollments) – UPI (10Bn+ monthly transactions) – PLI for electronics (iPhone exports: $10Bn+ in 2023) |
| GDP Contribution | ~8-10% (IT/ITES sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~10M+ (Tech startups, IT services) |
6. Ministry of Skill Development & Entrepreneurship
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Skill youth, reduce unemployment, promote entrepreneurship |
| Introduction | Runs Skill India, PMKVY, apprenticeship programs |
| Achievements | – 50M+ trained (PMKVY) – National Apprenticeship Promotion Scheme (1M+ placements) – ITI modernization (15,000+ upgraded) |
| GDP Contribution | Indirect (boosts employability) |
| Jobs Created | ~20M+ (Skilled workforce) |
7. Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Energy security, reduce imports, promote clean fuels |
| Introduction | Manages oil, gas, and renewable energy policies |
| Achievements | – Ujjwala Yojana (10Cr+ LPG connections) – Ethanol blending (12% in 2023, 20% target by 2025) – Strategic oil reserves (5.3M metric tonnes) |
| GDP Contribution | ~3-4% (Energy sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~5M+ (Refineries, distribution) |
8. Ministry of Housing & Urban Affairs
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Affordable housing, smart cities, urban infra development |
| Introduction | Implements PMAY, Smart Cities Mission, metro projects |
| Achievements | – PMAY-U: 8M+ houses sanctioned – 100 Smart Cities (5,000+ projects) – Metro expansion (900+ km operational) |
| GDP Contribution | ~6-7% (Real estate & urban infra) |
| Jobs Created | ~15M+ (Construction, real estate) |
9. Ministry of MSME
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | Formalize SMEs, ease credit access, boost employment |
| Introduction | Supports small businesses via loans, subsidies, and schemes |
| Achievements | – Udyam Registration (1.5Cr+ MSMEs) – ECLGS (₹3.5L Cr+ loans) – PM Employment Generation Programme (8L+ jobs) |
| GDP Contribution | ~30% (MSME sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~110M+ (MSME employment) |
10. Ministry of Renewable Energy
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Goals | 500 GW renewable capacity by 2030, green hydrogen push |
| Introduction | Promotes solar, wind, and clean energy adoption |
| Achievements | – Solar capacity: 75GW (2024 vs 20GW in 2014) – PLI for solar modules (₹24,000 Cr) – International Solar Alliance (120+ countries) |
| GDP Contribution | ~2-3% (Renewable energy sector) |
| Jobs Created | ~300K+ (Solar/wind jobs) |
Concluding the Article :
Macroeconomic Impact of Key Ministries (2014–2024)
| Ministry | Sectoral GDP Growth | Fiscal Impact (₹ Cr) | Key Economic Indicators | Employment Impact | Global Rankings/Recognition |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finance | Tax-GDP ratio: 10.9% (2024) | GST revenue (Avg. ₹1.5L Cr/month in 2024) | Forex reserves: $642Bn(2024) | 12M+ formal jobs (GST/DBT) | Ease of Doing Business: 63rd(2020) |
| Road Transport | Logistics cost: 14% → 8% of GDP (2024) | Bharatmala investment: ₹5.35L Cr | Highway construction: 40 km/day | 10M+ jobs (construction) | Global Innovation Index: 40th(2023) |
| Railways | Freight revenue: ₹1.5L Cr (2024) | Capex: ₹2.4L Cr (2024 vs ₹58K Cr in 2014) | Electrification: 100%(2024) | 1.5M+ jobs | – |
| Agriculture | Agri-GDP: ₹54L Cr (2024) | PM-KISAN outlay: ₹2.8L Cr (2024) | Foodgrain output: 330M+ tonnes | 5M+ jobs (FPOs, agri-tech) | Global Hunger Index: 111th(2023) |
| Electronics & IT | IT sector: $245Bn (2024) | PLI incentives: ₹17,000 Cr | UPI transactions: 10Bn+/month | 10M+ jobs (tech) | Digital Competitiveness: 49th (IMD, 2023) |
| Skill Development | – | PMKVY outlay: ₹12,000 Cr | 50M+ trained | 20M+ skilled workforce | – |
| Petroleum | Energy import dependence: 80% → 70% | Ujjwala subsidy: ₹12,800 Cr/yr | Ethanol blending: 12% (2024) | 5M+ jobs | – |
| Housing & Urban Affairs | Real estate: 7.3% of GDP | PMAY outlay: ₹1.3L Cr | 8M+ houses built | 15M+ jobs | – |
| MSME | 30% of GDP | ECLGS: ₹3.5L Crloans | 1.5Cr+ Udyam registrations | 110M+ jobs | – |
| Renewable Energy | RE capacity: 180GW (2024) | PLI outlay: ₹24,000 Cr | Solar power: 75GW (2024) | 300K+ jobs | Climate Performance Index: 7th(2023) |
Key Macroeconomic Metrics Influenced by Ministries
| Indicator | 2014 | 2024 | Ministries Responsible |
|---|---|---|---|
| GDP Growth (Avg.) | 6.7% | 7.2% (2023–24) | Finance, Infrastructure |
| Fiscal Deficit (% GDP) | 4.5% | 5.8% (2024) | Finance |
| Exports (Goods + Services) | $468Bn | $776Bn (2024) | Commerce, Electronics & IT |
| Inflation (Avg. CPI) | 6.7% | 5.5% (2024) | Finance, Agriculture |
| Unemployment Rate | 5.4% (2014) | 7.2% (2024, CMIE) | Skill Development, MSME |
| Forex Reserves | $304Bn | $642Bn (2024) | Finance, RBI |
| Ease of Doing Business | 142nd (World Bank) | 63rd (2020) | Finance, DPIIT |
Performance of Key Ministries (2014–2024) & Way Forward
The macroeconomic data from the last decade (2014–2024) reveals a mixed yet transformative performance across key ministries. While India made significant strides in infrastructure, digital governance, and formalization of the economy, challenges remain in job creation, fiscal sustainability, and equitable growth. Here’s a distilled assessment:
What Worked? 
- Infrastructure Revolution (Roads, Railways, Urban Development)
- 40 km/day highway construction, 100% rail electrification, and metro expansion boosted logistics efficiency.
- Smart Cities & PMAY improved urban living but need faster execution.
- Digital & Tech Leap (Electronics & IT, Finance)
- UPI, Aadhaar, and CoWIN set global benchmarks in digital governance.
- PLI schemes boosted electronics exports (e.g., iPhone manufacturing).
- Financial Inclusion & Tax Reforms (Finance Ministry)
- GST formalized the economy, DBT saved ₹2.7L Cr+ in leakages.
- MSME formalization (Udyam) strengthened small businesses.
- Renewable Energy Growth
- Solar capacity surged from 20GW to 75GW, but coal dependence remains high.
Where Did India Lag?
- Jobless Growth & Informal Sector Dominance
- Unemployment rose to 7.2% (2024) despite GDP growth.
- 82% workforce remains informal—low wages, no social security.
- Fiscal Pressures & Subsidy Burden
- Fiscal deficit (5.8% of GDP) due to fuel, food, and PM-KISAN subsidies.
- Debt-to-GDP (~84%) risks long-term stability.
- Agricultural Stagnation
- Farm income growth sluggish despite record foodgrain output.
- Global Hunger Index rank: 111th (2023)—nutritional security lags.
- Private Investment Slowdown
- Capex remains govt-driven—corporate investment still below potential.
What Needs to Be Done?
- More Jobs to be Created
- Expand labor-intensive manufacturing (textiles, toys, EVs) via PLI 2.0.
- Strengthen apprenticeship programs (Skill India) with industry tie-ups.
- Fiscal Prudence + Growth Balance
- Rationalize subsidies (target only the poorest via Aadhaar-linked DBT).
- Boost tax compliance to reduce deficit without stifling growth.
- Agriculture 2.0
- Shift from MSP to agri-tech, FPOs, and food processing.
- Link PM-KISAN to crop diversification (less water-intensive crops).
- Energy Transition Acceleration
- Fast-track green hydrogen, battery storage, and EV infrastructure.
- Reduce oil import dependence (70%) via ethanol blending & biofuels.
- Urban & Rural Convergence
- Complete stalled Smart Cities projects (focus on public transport, waste management).
- Rural broadband push to bridge digital divide (38% penetration).
Final Verdict: Cautious Optimism
India’s macroeconomic story from 2014–2024 is one of strong foundations but unfinished reforms. The next decade must focus on:
- Quality job creation (not just GDP growth).
- Productivity-led growth (tech in agriculture, industry).
- Sustainable fiscal policies (lower debt, efficient welfare).
- Global competitiveness (higher exports, better HDI rankings).
If these gaps are addressed, India can transition from a “bright spot” to a “global growth engine” by 2030.
I hope you liked this article where we have clearly shown what work modi government & ministries have done in last 10 years during 2014-24.
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